The Trump administration has accused China of engaging in unfair trade practices that discriminate against U.S. firms, forced technology transfers and intellectual property rights theft, all charges Beijing has denied.
Both sides have levelled increasingly severe tariffs on each other's imports.
China has also been angered by U.S. sanctions against Chinese tech giant Huawei Technologies Co Ltd over national security concerns.
Wang, who is extremely close to Chinese President Xi Jinping and who only rarely speaks in public, reiterated China's commitment to opening up.
The world needs China just as much as China needs the world, said Wang, who became vice president last year having previously lead Xi's fight against deep-rooted corruption.
"Large countries must assume their responsibilities and set an example, make more contributions to global peace and stability, and broaden the path of joint development." he said.
"Development is the key to resolving all issues," Wang told an audience that included senior Beijing-based Western diplomats and former European Council President Herman Van Rompuy.